This Domain of Expertise provides an introduction to exposure monitoring as a cornerstone of exposure and risk assessment, covering occupational monitoring, environmental monitoring, and human biomonitoring. Participants will explore how measurement data are generated through well-designed sampling strategies, including workplace air monitoring, environmental sampling across multiple media, and biomonitoring of internal exposures. The session highlights the strengths and limitations of different monitoring approaches, the importance of quality-assured data, and how monitoring results are interpreted and applied to evaluate exposures, control measures, and associated risks.
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